Latin (I to O) based on hard copy compiled by the Chinese Translation Service

10/24/00 10:14:23 PM Electronic file created by Yaw-Tsong Lee & Chin-Wen Yao

Ibidem (ibid.)

In the same place (in a book)

同上（所引之处）

Id est (i.e.)

That is ; that is to say

即；就是

Id facere laus est quod decet, non quod licet.

He deserves praise who does what he ought to do, not what he may do.

做事尽责而不随便的人，值得赞扬

Idem (id.)

The same; the same as above

同；同上

Idem sonans

Sounding the same or alike; having the same sound

同音姓名

Ignis fatuus (plural: ignes fatui)

Foolish fire; misleading light; will-o’-the-wisp

磷火；鬼火；空中楼阁；妄想

Ignoramus

We are ignorant; words used by the grand jury on bills of indictment when, after having heard the evidence, they thought the accusation against the prisoner was groundless

不合控诉；（俗）无知的人；笨蛋

Ignorantia facti excusat, ignorantia juris non excusat.

Ignorance of fact excuses, ignorance of law does not excuse.

不知事实，可以抗辩；不知法律，不可以抗辩

Ignorantia legis neminem excusat. (ignorantia legis naud excusat; ignorantia legis non excusat).

Ignorance of law excuses no one (ignorance of law is no excuse)

不知法律不可以抗辩；不知法律，并不能免罪

Ignoratio elenchi

Ignorance of proof; a fallacy of supposing a point proved or disproved by an argument proving or disproving something not at issue

（逻辑）异议的虚伪（以与命题无关的事物为证据的谬误）；用弯曲对方论点的手法驳斥对方

Ignoscito saepe alteri, numquam tibi.

Often pardon others but never yourself.

常恕人，勿恕己

Ignoti nulla cupido.

Nobody desires what he does not know.

不知则不贪

Ignotum per ignotius

The unknown through the more unknown

用更难懂的道理解释难懂的道理；解释得比原来更难懂；越解释越难懂

Immedicabile vulnus ense recidendum est ne pars sincera trahatur.

An incurable wound must be cut out lest the sound part be infected.

恶疮必须割除，以免蔓延

Imperium cupientibus nihil medium inter summa aut praecipitia.

For those seeking power there is no middle course between the depths and the heights.

追求权力的人，不是飞黄腾达就是一败涂地

Imperium in imperio

Empire within an empire; government within a government

国家内的国家；主权内的另一主权

Impos animi

Having no power over the mind; imbecile

没脑筋的；痴呆

Impossibilis est quod societas delinquat.

It is impossible that society commits a crime.

社会不可能犯罪

Impotens sui

Lacking self-control

无自制力

Imprimatur

It may be printed; a license to publish, given by a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church

出版许可；出版执照

Imprimi permittitur (or imprimi potest).

Permission to print is granted.

准许出版

In absentia

In the absence of

缺席；不在

In abstracto

In the abstract

抽象的；理论上

In actu

In actual existence

实际存在

In aeternum

For ever

永远

In animam malevolam sapientia haud intrare potest.

Wisdom can hardly enter the soul of an ill-willed man.

恶意的人很难明白事理

In articulo mortis

At the point of death

临终

In brevi

In short

简言之；简略地

In camera

In chamber; in private

秘密； 不公开；在(法官)私人办公室中

In cauda venenam

Sting in the tail

尾巴带刺；话中带刺

In concreto

In substance

具体的；事实上

In contumaciam

In defiance

蔑视法庭；侮辱法官

In corpore

In a body; as a whole

全体

In deposito

In deposit; in custody

保存；作为抵押

In dubio

In doubt

可疑

In esse

In being; actually existing

实在的

In extenso

At full length

全部；全文

In extremis

In the last moment of life

临终

In facie curiae

In the face (or presence) of the court

出庭；到庭

In fieri

In being made; in the process of development

在审理中；未决

In fine

At the end

末尾（指书页或书的章篇）

In flagrante delicto

While the crime is blazing; in the very act

当场

In forma pauperis

In the manner of a pauper; describes permission given to a poor person to sue without liability costs

以贫民身份诉讼（免交庭费）

In foro conscientiae

In the court of conscience; considered from a moral point of view

接受良心谴责；从道德立场而言

In foro domestico

In a domestic court

在本国法院

In gremio legis

Under the bosom (i.e. protection) of the law

在法律保护下

In haec foedera non venimus.

We did not conclude this contract.

我们未曾订立这项契约（否认契约关系）

In integrum restitutio

Restoration to the original state

恢复原有地位；恢复原状

In invitum

Against an unwilling party

和对方意见相反；对付不肯同意的一方；强制

In judicio

Before a judge; in the second stage of trial

在审讯中；复审

In jure

In law; according to law; in the preparatory stage of trial

在法律上；预审

In jure, non remota causa sed proxima spectatur.

In law, the proximate and not the remote cause is regarded.

法律审究近因，不问远因

In limine

On the threshold; at the outset

在开端

In loco

In the place; in the place of

在原地；在适当地方

In loco parenti

In the place of a parent

处于父母地位；代替父母

In media res

Into the middle of things

在事情的中间；（小说，史诗等）从中间热闹关头开始；开门见山

In medio stat virtus.

Virtue exists in the middle (between two extremes).

凡事应有分寸；凡事适可而止；中庸即是美德

In memoriam

In memory of

以为纪念；献给。。之灵

In mora

In delay; in default

违约；未履行义务

In natura

In essence

实在

In naturalibus

In the state of nature; naked

一丝不挂；全身赤裸

In nubibus

In the clouds; confused; in abeyance

含糊；不明；尚未判定

In nuce

In a nutshell; briefly

概括地；简略地

In oculis civium

 In the eyes of citizens; in public

在大庭广众之下；公开

In omnia paratus

Prepared for all things

以防万一

In omnibus

In all things; on all points

在各方面

In pacato solo

In a country which is at peace

在非交战国境内

In pace

In peace

太平；平安

In pari delicto potior est conditio possidentis [defendentis].

In a case of equal fault [between two parties] the condition of the party in possession [or defending] is the better one.

两方过失相等时，持有人（或被告）的地位占优胜

In pari materia

Upon the same matter or subject

属于同一问题的；相关的

In partibus (infidelium)

In the region of the infidels; a phrase used in the Roman Catholic Church to indicate the see over which a titular bishop is said to rule

没有教区的（主教）；有名无实的

In pectore judicis

In the breast of the judge (said of a judgment)

由法官酌定的（判决）

In perpetuum

For ever

永久

In personam

Against the person

对人

In pleno lumine

In public; in common knowledge; in the light of the day

公开；公然

In posse

Potentially; in possibility

可能

In principio

In the beginning

最初；开始

In propia persona

In one’ own person (or character)

亲自

In propria causa nemo judex.

No one can be  judge in his own cause.

法官不得审判自己当事的案件

In proverbium cessit, sapientiam vino adumbrari.

It has become a proverb that wisdom is clouded by wine.

俗话说，酒令智昏

In puris naturalibus

Stark naked

赤裸；一丝不挂

In re

In the matter of; concerning

关于

In rem

In or against a thing

对物的（诉讼）

In rerum natura

In the nature of things; in the realm of actuality; in existence

实际存在

In saecula saeculorum

For ages and ages; forever and ever

永垂万世

In situ

In its (original) place

在原来位置；在原处

In solidum (or in solido)

For the whole; as a whole

全部；全体

In statu pupillari

In the position of a ward or orphan

处于被监护人的地位

In statu quo

In the same place as formerly

照旧；照原状

In statu quo ante bellum

In the same state as before the war

照战前原状

In substantia

In substance

实质上；实体上

in temporalibus

in things temporal

世俗事务

in tenebris

in darkness; in a state of doubt

未见分晓；未决；未定

In terminis

In express terms; definitely

明白地；明确地

in termpore opportuno

in appropriate time

及时；在适当时机

In terrorem

In terror or warning; by way of threat

以为警告；作为威胁

In terrorem populi

As a warning to the people (in the hope of gaining obedience)

以一儆百；以警效尤

in totidem verbis

in so many words; in precisely the same words; word for word

依照原文；原文照抄

in toto

in the whole; entirely

全部；一概

in usu

in use

在使用中；通用

in utrumque paratus

prepared for either event

随机应变

In vili veste nemo tractatur honeste.

No one in shabby clothes is treated fairly.

只重衣衫不重人

In vino veritas.

There is truth in wine.

酒后见本性；酒后吐真情

in vitro

within glass; observable as in a test tube

在试管中；在实验中

in vivo

living; alive

活的（例：experiment in vivo 活的实验；生物实验）

Inadimplenti non est adimplendum.

One who does not fulfill obligations cannot demand fulfillment by the other.

不守约者不得要求践约

Inclusio unius exclusio alterius.

The inclusion of one is the exclusion of the other.

有其一不能有其二

Incredibile dictu

Incredible to relate

说起来叫人不信的；不可思议的

Index librorum prohibitorum

Index of Forbidden Books

（天主教会公布的）《禁书目录》

Index locorum

Index of places

地名索引；名录

Index rerum

A list of references

参考书名；参考资料一览表

Infra dignitatem (infra dig.)

Beneath one’s dignity

有损尊严；有失体统；有碍观瞻

Ingenium mala saepe movent.

Bad luck often stirs genius.

患难往往激发才智

Ingenium res adversae nudare solent, celare secundae.

Adversity reveals genius; prosperity conceals it.

富贵使人鲁钝；患难中方显才智

Ingenui

Persons born free; free-born

生来自由人

Injuria

Injury; wrongful act

侵害；伤害；不当行为

Injuria non excusat injuriam.

One wrong does not justify another.

受害人不能做害人的辩护

Injuria sine (absque) damno

Injury without damage; an infringement of a right without causing damage

虽不正当但未造成损失的行为

Inops consilii

Destitute of council; without legal counsel

没有得到指导；未经律师指导（而立的遗嘱）

Intelligenti pauca.

To a person of understanding, a few words (suffice).

聪明的人一说就懂

Inter alia

Among other things

除其他事项外；除了别的以外；尤其

Inter alios

Among other persons

除其他人员外

Inter arma leges silent.

In time of war, the laws are silent.

普通法律不适用于战时

Inter canem et lupum

Caught between a dog and a wolf; between the devil and the deep blue sea

进退维谷；进退两难

Inter nos

Between ourselves

你我之间的秘密；不要告诉别人

Inter pocula

In one’s cups; a time of revelation

酒后失言

Inter se

Between (or among) themselves

彼此之间

inter vivo

among the living

生者所给的（赠与物）；生前给予的

intestabilis

incompetent to testify as a witness; dishonest

无资格作证；无信用；不诚实

intra parietes

between walls; among friends; out of court; without litigation

和解

intra vires

within the powers

在权限以内

inverso ordine

in inverse order

按相反次序

Invito beneficium non datur.

No one is obliged to accept a benefit against his consent.

不得强迫接受恩惠

ipse dixit

he himself said it; a dogmatic statement supported by bare authority; dictum

一面之词；武断的话

ipsissima verba

the very words

原文

ipsissimis verbis

in the very words

原文照录

ipso facto

by the very fact

依照事实；当然

ipso jure

by the law itself

依照法律；根据这项法律

Ira furor brevis est.

Anger is brief madness.

发怒是一时疯狂

Is fecit cui prodest.

He is the doer who profits from it; the criminal is nearly always the one who profits form the crime.

犯罪的人往往即是从罪行中得到利益的人

Ita lex scripta est.

Thus the law is written.

法律规定如此

iterum

again; anew

再

januis clausis

behind closed doors

秘密；不公开

Judex damnatur cum nocens obsolvitur.

The judge is condemned when the guilty is acquitted.

罪犯省释，法官判刑

judicatum solvi

the guilty one to pay

败诉一方负担费用

judicium legitima

legitimate proceeding before a judge

合法诉讼

jura in re aliena

rights in a thing belonging to another person

（对别人财产的）限制物权

jura regalia

royal rights or privileges

王权；君权

jure et facto

by law and in fact

名副其实的

jure humano

by human law

根据人类法律（或法则）

jure mariti (uxoris)

by a husband’s (wife’s) right

根据夫权（妻权）

juris et de jure

of law and from law, said of a conclusive presumption

合法和依法（推定）

juris possessio

possession of right

权利占有

jurisdictionis fundandae causa (or gratia)

for the sake of establishing jurisdiction

为了建立管辖权

jus

law; legal right; rule; principle

法律；合法权利；法规；原则

jus abutendi (or abusus)

the right to abuse or do whatever one lies with property

（财产）处分权

jus accrescendi

the right by survivorship peculiar to joint ownership, joint rights and joint liabilities

得来的权利

jus ad rem

right to possess a thing

对物权

jus belli

law of war

战争法

jus canonicum

canon law

教规；教会法

jus civile

civil law

民法

jus cogens

binding law

绝对法；强制法

jus commercii

the right to trade

贸易权

jus commune

common law

普通法

jus connubu (or conubi)

the right to intermarry

婚姻权；通婚权

jus contrahendi

right to contract

立约权

jus criminale

criminal law

刑法

jus disponendi

the right of disposing (of property)

财产处分权

jus dispositivum

dispositive law; flexible law

酌定法；柔性法

jus divinum

divine law; divine right

神法；神权

Jus est ars boni et aequi.

Law is the science of what is good and just.

法律者，判断善良与公平的技术也

Jus est norma recti; et quicquod est contra normam recti est injuria.

Law is a rule of right; and whatever is contrary to the rule of right is an injury.

法律是正义的准则；违反正义准则的事，就是不当（伤害）行为

Jus et fraus niquam cohabitant.

Right and fraud never dwell together.

正义与欺诈绝不相容

Jus ex injuria non oritur.

A right does not rise out of a wrong.

侵权行为不得产生权利

jus fruendi (or fructus)

the right to enjoy

收益权

jus gentium

law of nations

国际法

jus gladii

the right of the sword; supreme jurisdiction; the executory power of the law

最高管辖权;司法权

jus hereditatis

right to inherit

继承权

jus honorarium

the body of Roman law which was made up of edicts of supreme magistrates

（罗马）大官法

jus honorum

the right of holding offices

荣誉权；担任公职权

jus in personam

a right against a person (to oblige him to do or not to do an act)

对人权

jus in re

right in a thing

物权

jus in re aliena

right in the property of another

他物权

jus in re propria

right in one’s own property

自物权

jus in rem

a right against a thing; a right enforceable against anyone in the world

绝对物权

jus in res

right in a thing

物权

jus inter gentes

law between nations

国际法

jus maritii

the right of husband (to his wife’s property)

丈夫（对妻子财产）的权利

jus naturae

the law of nature

自然法

jus non scriptu

unwritten law

不成文法；习惯法

jus personarum

rights of persons; the law of persons

个人权；人法

jus possessionis

right of possession

所有权

jus postlimini

the right to return home and resume one’s right; postliminium

公民资格恢复权

jus praedae

right of booty

捕获权；战利品权

jus privatum

the civil or municipal law of Rome; private law

私法

jus proprietatis

right of property

财产权

jus publicum

public law

公法

Jus publicum privatorum pactis mutari non potest.

A public right cannot be altered by the agreements of private persons.

私人契约不得变更公共权利

jus regium

right of the crown; royal right

王权

jus relictiae (or relicti)

the right of the widow (to the property of a husband)

寡妇的权利（尤指继承亡夫财产的权利）

jus rerum

the law of things

物法

jus retentionis

the right of retention

留置权

jus sacrum

holy law

宗教法

jus sanguinis

law (or right ) of consanguinity; the rule of law that the citizenship of the parents determines that of the child

血统制

jus scriptum

written law

成文法；制定法

jus singulare

a peculiar or individual rule

例外法规

jus soli

the law of the place of one’s birth

出生地法（儿童国籍决定于他的出生地）

jus speciale

special law

特别法

jus standi

recognized right (lit. “right of standing”)

确认的权利；诉讼权利；适格权利

jus strictum

strict law

严格法

jus suffragii

right of suffrage

选举权

Jus summum saepe summa malitia est

Extreme law is often extreme wrong.

极端的法律往往极为不当；法之极，害之极

jus tertii

the right of a third person

第三者权利

jus tollendi

the right to remove

拆除权

jus utendi

the right of use

使用权

justae nuptiae

in legal marriage

合法婚姻

Justitia non novit patrem nec matrem, solum, veritatem speccit justitia.

Justice knows neither father nor mother, justice looks to truth alone.

裁判不认父，不认母，只顾事实

justitia omnibus

justice to all

大公无私

Justitia suum cuique distribuit.

Justice gives everyone his due.

法律使人人得所应得；司法应该赏罚分明

justum et tenacem propositi virum

a man who is upright and firm of purpose

性情耿介，信心坚定的人

justus titulus

just title

正当名义

Labor omnis vincit improbus.

Persistent labor conquers everything

勤劳克服一切困难；有志者事竟成

laesa majestas

lese majesty; treason

（对君王）不敬罪；叛逆罪

lapis philosophorum

the philosopher’s stone

点金石

lapsus calami

a slip of the pen

笔误

lapsus linguae

a slip of the tongue

失言

lapsus memoriae

a slip of memory

记错

lares et penates

lares et penates; household goods; household or personal effects

家神们；家中财产

Lata culpa dolo aequiparatur.

Gross negligence is equivalent to fraud.

重大疏忽等于诈骗

latifundium

a great landed estate

大地主领地；大片土地

lato sensu

in a broad sense

广义来说；引申而言

laudator temporis acti

one who praises times past

厚古薄今的人

legalis homo

a man of full legal rights

享有充分法律权利的人

legatus a latere

a legate from the side (of the pope); a special papal envoy

教宗特使

legem facere

to make law

制定法律；立法

legem ferre

to propose a law to the people for adoption

提出法案

legem jubere

to pass law

通过法律

leges imperfectae

incomplete laws

不完全的法律

leges minus quam perfectae

laws less than complete

次完全的法律

Leges mori serviunt

Laws are subservient to custom

法律应符合习惯

leges perfectae

complete laws

完全的法律

leges plus quam perfectae

laws more than complete

最完全的法律

Leges suum legent latorem.

Laws should bind their own maker.

立法者应守法

leonina societas (or societas leonina)

partnership with a lion; a one-sided arrangement

与狮子合伙；（某一合伙人只负担损失，不得分享利润）

levari facias

cause to be levied; an order to an official to seize a debtor’s property

扣押财产令

lex (leges)

law

法法律

lex citationis

law of citations

引证法

lex domicilii

the law of the country of domicile

住所地法

lex fori

the law of the country where an action is brought

诉讼地法

lex in casu

law for the case

适用本案的法律

lex incerta

uncertain law

不确定法

lex lata

existing law

现行法

lex loci

the law of the place

当地法

lex loci actus

the law of the place of the act

行为地法

lex loci contractus

the law of the place where the contract was made

契约地法

lex loci delicti

the law of the place where a tort or offence has been committed

不法行为地法

lex loci domicilii

the law of the place of domicile

居住地法

lex loci rei sitae

the law of the place where the thing is situated

物在地法

lex locis solutionis

the law of the place of solution; the law of the place where payment or performance of a contract is to be made

履行义务地方的法律

lex mercatoria

the body of law dealing with commercial traders and their transactions; law merchant

商法；商业习惯法

Lex non curat de minimis

The law does not regard small matters.

法律不管小事

lex non scripta

unwritten law

不成文法

lex ordinandi

the law of the court

诉讼地法

lex patriae

national law

本国法；国内法

Lex posterior derogat priori.

A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.

后法胜于前法

Lex posterior generalis non derogat legi priori speciali.

A latter general statute does not take away the effect of a prior special statute.

新的普通法不能使旧的特别法失效

lex Rhodia de jactu

the Rhodian law of jetsam

海上弃物法

lex scripta written law;

statute law

成文法

lex situs (lex loci rei sitae)

the law of the place where this thing is situated

物在地法

lex talionis

the law of retaliation

复仇法

lex terrae

the law of the land

（本）国法

Lex uno ore omnes alloquitur.

The law addresses all with one mouth or voice.

法律大公无私

libertas in legibus

liberty under the laws

合法的自由

libertini

freedmen

自由民（获得自由的奴隶）

liberum arbitrium

free will; free choice

自由意志；任意

liberum veto

free, unrestricted veto

自由否决权；无限制否决权

licentia poetica

poetic license

诗词之破格

limae labor

the labor of the file; the polishing of a literary work

（作品的）润饰；推敲

lis pendens

a pending suit

未决案件

lis sub judice

a suit before the judge

未决案件

lite pendente

during the trial; pending the suit

在审理中；在诉讼期间

literae humanitores

humane or polite literature

人文学

literae patentes

letters patent

专利权证

literae recognitionis

bill of lading

提货单

literarum obligatio

obligation based on written instruments

书面义务

littera verba

文字

Litus est quousque maximus fluctus a mari pervenit.

The shore is where the highest wave from the sea has reached.

海水高潮所达之处为海岸

locatio conductio

letting for hire

租赁

locatio operis

the contract of hiring labor and services

雇用契约

loco citato (loc. cit; l.c.)

in the place cited; in the passage already quoted

在上述引文中

locum tenens

holding the place; a deputy, substitute or representative

代理人；代表

locus classicus

standard passage

常引的章句；标准句

Locus contractus regit actum.

The place of the contract governs the act.

行为应该遵守契约缔结地点的规定

locus criminis

the place where a crime was committed

犯罪地

locus delicti

the place where an offence was committed

犯罪地

locus in quo

the place in which (or where)

现场；所在地；出处

locus poenitentiae

a place for repentance; an opportunity for changing one’s mind; a right to withdraw from an incomplete transaction

反悔的机会；退约的权利

Locus regit actum.

The place governs the act.

地点支配行为（契约如果符合订约地点的规定，在履行契约地点也应视为合法）

locus rei sitae

the place where a thing is situated

物所在地

locus sigilli (L.S.)

the place of the seal

（文书副本上标明正本上）盖印地方

locus standi

a place of standing; recognized standing or position; right to appear before a court

确认的地位；诉讼地位

longi temporis praescriptio

long-term prescription

长期时效

lucri causa

for the sake of gain

为图利

lucrum cessans

a ceasing gain

消极损害

Lupus pilum  mutat, non mentem.

The wolf changes his coat, but not his disposition.

豺狼外表会变，但本性不改

lusus naturae

a freak of nature

天生畸形的人；丑八怪；畸形物

Macte animo!

Courage!

鼓起勇气

magister dixit.

The master has said so.

圣人说；子曰

magna cum laude

with great praise

以高级优等；以特优等

Magna est veritas et praevalebit.

Truth is mighty and will prevail.

真理力量很大，必定胜利

magnum in parvo

a great deal in a small space

言简意赅

magnum opus

a great work

大作；杰作；主要作品；大事业；重要工作

Magnum vectigal est parsimonia.

Economy is a great revenue.

节约致富

majora regalia

the king’s dignity, power, and royal prerogative, as opposed to his revenue, which is comprised in the minor regalia

王权

mala fide

bad faith

不诚实；欺诈；恶意

mala praxis

malpractice; unskillful management or treatment, particularly applied to the neglect or unskillful management of a physician, surgeon, or apothecary

不当医疗；治疗错误

malae fidei

in bad faith

不诚实；欺诈；恶意

male captus, bene detentus

扣留正当，逮捕方式违法

malo animo

with an evil mind; with a bad purpose or wrongful intention; with malice

居心不良；恶意

malo grato

in spite; unwillingly

不乐意地；非自愿地

malum in se

a wrong in itself; an act or case involving illegality form the very nature of the transaction, upon principles of natural , moral and public law

本质邪恶行为

malum prohibitum

a wrong prohibited; a thing which is wrong because prohibited

违禁行为

Malus usus abolenidus est.

A bad or invalid custom ought to be abolished.

不良惯例应该废除

mandamus

we order; a writ issued by superior court commanding the performance of a specific official act or duty

（上级法院致下级法院的）训令

mandatum

mandate; a contract of mandate

委任（书）

manu brevi

with a short hand; shortly; directly

立即；直接

manu forti

with a strong hand; by main force; forcible entry

用暴力；强行闯入

manu militari

by military force

以军事力量；用武力

manus

hand; power; power over persons (as that of a husband over his wife); an oath

手；权力；夫权；宣誓

manus mortua

a dead hand; mortmain

永久管业

mare clausum

closed sea; a sea within the jurisdiction of a particular country

领海

mare liberum

the open sea; the sea open to all

公海

mare nostrum

our sea

“我们的海”（地中海）

margaritas ante porcos

(to throw) pearls before swine

明珠暗投；对牛弹琴

Maxime paci sunt contraria vis et injuria.

The greatest enemies to peace are force and wrong.

武力和侵害行为是和平的最大敌人

me judice

I being judge; in my opinion

依我判断；据我看来

mea culpa

through my fault

由于我的过失

media concludendi

the steps of an argument; the theory or basis of facts upon which a legal conclusion is reached

推理的步骤；判决的根据

medianto altero

mediate through another

间接（继承）

Medice, cura te ipsum.

Physician, cure thyself.

以身作则

meditatio fugae

contemplation of flight; intention to abscond

逃罪的意图；意图逃逸

Melius est in tempore occurrere, quam post causam vulneratum remedium quaerere.

It is better to meet a thing in time than after an injury inflicted to seek a remedy.

事情及时处理，胜于造成损害后设法弥补；预防胜过弥偿

Melius est jus deficiens quam jus incertum.

Law that is deficient is better than law that is uncertain.

不严密的法律胜过不明确法律；法律宁可不严密，不可不明确

Mens agitat molem.

The mind moves the mass (or matter).

精神主宰物质

mens legis

the spirit of the law

法律的精神；法律的真意

mens rea

guilty mind; guilty or wrongful purpose; criminal intent

犯罪意图；犯罪之心

mens sana in corpore sano

a sound mind in a sound body

身心健全

metus

fear; terror; dread

恐惧；忧虑

Minatur innocentibus qui parcit nocentibus.

He threatens the innocent who spares the guilty.

纵容犯罪，危害无辜；纵容即害良

missio in bona

seizure of property

财产的扣押

mittimus

we send; a warrant of commitment to prison

执行徒刑令

Mobolia sequuntur personam.

Movables follow the (law of the) person.

动产跟随所有人；动产依照所有人居住地的法律

modo et forma

in manner and form

在态度上和形式上

Modus et conventio vincunt legem.

Custom and agreement overrule the law.

习惯和契约比法律有效

modus habilis

a proper or valid manner

适当方式；有效方式

modus injuriae

the means of injury

损害（或伤害）方法

modus operandi

manner of operating (or working)

运用（或工作）方式；运用法

modus procedenti

manner of proceeding

工作程序

modus transferrendi

the manner of transferring

转让方式

modus vivendi

manner of living; a temporary working agreement or compromise between disputants, pending a settlement of the differences

生活方式；临时办法；暂订条约

mora creditoris

delay of the creditor

债权人的延迟

mora debitoris

delay of the debtor

债务人的延迟

mora restituendi

delay of the restoration

延迟归还

more majorum

according to the customs of one’s ancestors

遵照祖宗成法

mores

customs; traditional rules of conduct; unwritten laws

习惯；风俗；不成文法

mos pro lege

custom for law; usage has the force of law

习惯即是法律；惯例等于法律

motu proprio

by one’s own motion

自行；自动

multum in parvo

much in little

言简意赅

mutatis mutandis

necessary changes being made

做必要的更改；准用

mutato nomine, de te fabula narratur

with a mere change of name, the story applies to yourself

仅易其名，即为己事；只把名字改变，便成为自己的故事

mutuum

mutual exchange; a loan for consumption; a loan of chattels, upon an agreement that the borrower may consume them, returning to the lender an equivalent in kind and quantity

用物品还债契约；实物借贷；消费借贷

mutuus consensus

mutual consent

双方同意；协议

naturalis obligatio

natural obligation

自然债务

ne bis in idem

not twice for the same (offense)

一罪不二审

Ne exeat republica (or regno).

He shall not leave the country (or kingdom).

不准离开国境

ne quid nimis

nothing in excess

凡事不可过分

ne varietur

not to be altered

不得更改

nec plus ultra

no more beyond; unsurpassed

无以复加；到极点；无匹的

Nec veniam effuso sanguine casus habet.

Where blood is spilled, the case is unpardonable.

流血案件不可饶恕

Necessitas vincit legem.

Necessity overrules the law.

需要之前无法律；迫不得已，不算犯法

negotia juris

legal actions; matters in law

法律行为

negotiorum gestio

a doing of business; interference in the affairs of another, in his absence, from benevolence or friendship, and without authority

无因管理

nemine contradicente

no one contradicting; unanimously

无人反对；全体一致

nemine dissentiente

no one dissenting

无(人提出)异议

Nemo auditur propriam culpam allegans. Nemo auditur turpitudinem suam allegans.

No one is heard by the court when he makes a plea based on his own illegal act.

谁都不可以其过失作为自己辩护的理由

Nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto.

No one is to be punished twice for the same crime.

同一罪行不得惩罚两次；一罪不二罚

Nemo contra factum suum venire potest.

No one can contravene or contradict his own deed.

谁都不能出尔反尔

Nemo dat qui non habet.

No one can give what he does not have.

不是自己的东西，不能给予别人

nemo judex

当事者不得自己审判

Nemo plus juris ad alium transfere potest quam ipse habet.

One cannot transfer to another a larger right than he himself has.

任何人不得以大于自己所有的权利转让给别人

Nemo potest exuere patriam.

No one can renounce his own country.

谁都不能擅自抛弃国籍

Nemo prohibetur pluribus defensionibus uti

No one is prohibited form making use of several defenses.

不得禁止任何人利用几种辩护理由

nemo tenetur ad impossibilia.

No one is bound to impossibility.

谁都没有责任做不可能做的事情

Nemo tenetur seipsum accusare.

No one is bound to accuse himself.

谁都不须控告自己

Nemo turpitudinem suam invocare potest.

No one can make a plea on the ground of his own fault.

谁都不能以自己过失作为申辩的理由

Nihil dicit (or Nilil dixit)

He (the defendant) says nothing; he has no defense.

被告没有答辩

Nihil quod est contra rationem est licitum.

Nothing that is against reason is lawful.

不合理的事即是不合法

nil admirari

to be astonished at nothing

对任何事都不惊奇的态度；泰然自若；冷漠

nisi prius

the trial of issues of fact before a jury and one presiding judge

有陪审团和一位法官的民事审判

nolens volens

willing or unwilling; willy-nilly; perforce

不管愿意不愿意

Noli me tangere.

Do not touch me.

不要触犯我；不要碰我

nolle prosequi

to be unwilling to prosecute

撤回起诉

Nollo prosequi.

He (the plaintiff ) will not prosecute.

原告中止诉讼

Nolo contendere.

I will not contest it; in criminal cases, a plea by the defendant equivalent to that of “guilty” but without admitting guilt.

不予争辩

nomen juris

a name of the law; a technical legal term

法律用语

Non assumpsit.

He did not undertake; a general denial in an action of assumpsit

被告并未违约（原告要求赔偿违约的损失时，被告提出的答辩）

non bis in idem

not twice (tried) for the same (offence)

一罪不二审；同一罪行不得 审判两次

non cepit

he did not take

无扣留动产

non compos mentis

not sound of mind; insane

神经不健全

non constat

it does not appear; the evidence is not before the court

尚未向法院提出证据

non detinet

he does not detain

无扣留

non ens

the non-existent; nonentity

不存在的事物；乌有之物；虚构

non esse

non-existence

不存在

Non est certaindum de regulis juris.

There is no disputing about rules of law.

法律规则不容争辩

non est factum

it is not done; it is not his deed; a plea denying execution of instrument sued on

不是被告契约（的辩护）；否认订立合同合同

non est inventus

he(the defendant ) has not been found

（被告）地址不明；下落不明

non liquet

it (i.e. the case) is not clear; not proven

案情不明； （诉讼有疑问时陪审员所做的）延期审判的评决

non nova, sed nove

not new, but in a new manner

旧酒新瓶

non obstante

notwithstanding (any statute to the contrary)

纵然；虽然（有法律的规定）；特别许可

non obstante veredicto

notwithstanding the verdict

尽管作出裁定

Non omne quod licet honestum est.

It is not everything which is permitted that is honorable.

法律所容许者未必尽合乎道德

Non omnia possumus omnes.

We cannot all do everything.

人非万能

non placet

it does not please; a negative vote

不赞成；投反对票

non plus ultra (or ne plus ultra)

not more beyond; the uttermost point attained or attainable; acme; culmination

无以复加；极点；绝顶；极致

non possimus

we cannot; an expression indicating inability to act or move in a matter

声明不能；拒绝行动

non prosequitur (non pros.)

he does not prosecute; a judgment where the plaintiff does not appear

原告未出庭，宣告败诉；因缺席败诉

non quieta movere

not to disturb what is settled

定案不得再审

non sanae mentis

of unsound mind

精神不健全

non sequitur

it does not follow; an illogical inference

前后不符；不合理的推理

non valentia agere

inability to sue

无诉讼能力

Nosce te ipsum.

Know thyself.

自知之明

noscitur a sociis

a man known from his associates; the meaning of a word is or may be known from the accompanying words

物以类聚；（法律）字义不明，从上下文推定

Noscitur ex socio, qui non cognoscitus ex se.

He who cannot be known from himself may be known from his associate.

对某人不能了解，可以凭其关系人物推定

nota bene (NB)

note well

请注意

novissima verba

parting words

临别的话；临终遗言

novus actus interveniens

a new act intervenes

新行为的介入

Nuda pactio obligationem non parit.

A naked agreement does not beget an obligation.

无偿协定不产生义务

nudum pactum

a nude pact; a naked contract without consideration or a cause

无约因合同；无偿契约

Nulla poena sine lege.

No punishment without (a previous) law.

未经法律明文规定的事，不得惩罚

nulli secundus

second to none

不落人后；最好的；第一的

nullius filius

nobody’s son; an illegitimate child

私生子

nullius juris

of no legal force

无法律效力

nullum crimen sine lege

no crime without (a previous) law

未经法律明文规定，不算犯罪；法无明文不为罪

Nullus jus alienum forisfacere potest.

No man can forfeit another’s right.

任何人不得剥夺别人的权利

nunc aut nunquam

now or never

机不可失；时不再来

nunc pro tunc

now for then; a term applied to acts allowed to be done after the time when they should be done, with a retroactive effect

追溯既往

O tempora, o mores!

Alas for the times, alas for the manners

人心不古，世风日下

ob turpem causam

with bad motive

动机不良；恶意

obiter dictum

a saying by the way; incidental remark

附论； （法官的）附带意见；附言；余论

obiter scriptum

something written by the way; an incidental composition

附注；附带文字

obligatio ex contractu

an obligation arising from contract

契约的义务

obligatio ex delicto, (or obligatio ex maleficio)

an obligation founded on wrong or tort

罪行（或过失）的责任

obligationes ex lege

obligations arising from law

依法律规定而产生的债务

observandum

a thing to be observed

应注意的事；要点

oleum addere camino

to pour oil upon fire; aggravate an evil

火上加油

omen faustum

an auspicious omen; a lucky sign

好的朕兆；吉兆

omnibus idem

the same to all men

一视同仁；人人一律看待

Omnis consensus tollit errorem.

Every consent removes error.

同意即免除过错

Omnis definitio in jure periculosa, parum est enim ut non subverti possit.

Every definition in the law is dangerous, for there is very little that cannot be overthrown.

法律的每项规定都是有危险的，因为很少有规定不可能被推翻

Omnis definitio in lege periculosa.

All definitions in law are dangerous.

法律上的任何定义都是危险的

Omnis exceptio est ipsa quoque regula.

Every exception is itself also a rule.

每一例外情况本身就是一项规定

Omnis indemnatus pro innoxis legibus habetur.

Every uncondemned person is held by the law as innocent.

未经判罪的人在法律上应视为无罪

Omnis nova constitutio futuris formam imponere debet, non praeteritis.

Every new statute ought to prescribe a form to future, not to past, acts.

新订法规应规定未来行为，不应规定过去行为

Omnis privatio praesupponit hahitum.

Every deprivation presupposes a prior enjoyment (or possession).

剥夺就是假定以前享有（或拥有）

omnium consensu

in the opinion of all; by general consensus

全体赞成；公意

Omnium rerum principia parva sunt.

The beginnings of all things are small.

万事都是从小做起

onus probandi

the burden of proof

举证的责任

opere in medio

in the midst of the work

在工作过程中；工作尚未完成

opinio juris

legal opinion

法律意见

Opposuit natura.

Nature has opposed; it is contrary to nature.

违反自然

opprobrium medicorum

the reproach (or disgrace) of doctors: said of incurable diseases

群医束手之症；不治之症；绝症

Optima est lex quae minimum relinquit arbitrio judicis; optimus judex qui minimum sibi.

That law is the best which leaves least to the discretion of the judge; that judge is the best who leaves the least to his own.

不需法官斟酌的法律才是最佳的法律；不凭私意的法官才是最佳的法官

Optimus interpres rerum usus

Usage is the best interpreter of things.

凡事宜按习惯解释

Optimus legum interpres consuetudo.

Custom is the best interpreter of the laws.

凡事宜按习惯解释

opus operatum

a task performed; work done

完成的工作

ordinandi lex

law of procedure

程序法；诉讼法

ore rotundo

polished, well-rounded speech

措辞圆滑；言词委婉

ore tenus

by word of mouth

口头

origo mali

the origin of evil

罪恶的根源

Origo rei inspici debet.

The origin of a thing ought to be regarded.

凡事必须究其根源