Latin P~V: based on hard copy compiled by the Chinese Translation Service

Electronic version by Chin-Wen Yao & Yaw-Tsong Lee   October, 00

pacem in terris

peace on earth

天下太平；世上和平

Paci sunt maxime contraria vis et injuria.

Violence and injury are the things chiefly hostile to peace.

暴力和伤害是和平的主要祸患

pacta conventa

the conditions agreed upon

约定条款

Pacta conventa quae neque contra leges, neque dolo malo inita sunt, omni modo observanda sunt.

Agreements, which are neither contrary to the laws, nor fraudulently entered into, should be adhered to in every manner.

契约若非违法，亦非以欺诈方式订立，即应严格遵守

Pacta privata juri publico derogare non possunt.

Private contracts cannot impair public law.

私人契约不得损害公共法律

Pacta quae contra leges constitutionesque, vel contra bonos mores fiunt, nullam vim habere.

Contracts which are made against law or against good morals have no force.

违反法律或道德的契约不得生效

Pacta sunt servanda.

Pacts must be observed.

条约必须遵守

Pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt.

Pacts neither harm nor benefit third parties.

协定不得使第三者负担义务，也不得给予利益

pactum

treaty; agreement

条约；协定；协议

pactum de contrahendo

promise to contract

缔约的承诺

pactum illicitum

an unlawful agreement

非法协定；违法合同；非法协议

pactum vestitum

an enforceable pact

有效契约

panem et circenses

bread and the circuses; food and entertainment

面包与马戏；吃与娱乐

Par im parem imperium non habet.

An equal has no dominion over an equal.

地位平等，互不支配

par in parem non habet jurisdictionem

An equal has no jurisdiction over an equal.

地位平等，彼此无管辖权

par pari refertus

like for like; tit for tat

以牙还牙

pari causa

with equal right; upon an equal footing; equivalent in rights or claims

权利平等；地位平等

pari delicto

in equal fault; in a similar offence or crime; equal in guilt or in legal fault

罪过相等

pari materia

of the same matter; on the same subject

性质相同的；相关的

pari passu

with equal pace; at the same rate; simultaneously

并行；以同一步调；按同样比例；同时

pari ratione

for the same reason; by the same mode of reasoning

根据同样理由

Paria copulantur paribus.

Like things unite with like.

同类相聚；物以类聚

Paribus sententiis reus absolvitur.

Where the opinions are equal, (where the court is equally divided,) the defendant is acquitted.

如双方法官人数相等，被告应无罪获释

Parium eadem est ratio, idem jus.

Of things equal, the reason is the same, and the same is the law.

对于相同的事，如理由相同，适用法律也应相同

pars conditium creditium

all creditors are equal

所有债权人平等

pars ejusdem negotii

a part of the same transaction or business

同属一笔交易的一部分

pars pro toto

a part for the whole

以部分代整体；以点代面；举隅法

Parte quacumque integrante sublata, tollitur totum.

An integral part being taken away, the whole is taken away.

删除一个组成部分，即是整个删除

particeps criminis

an accomplice in a crime

共犯；同谋；从犯

pater patriae

father of the country

国父

Pateat universis per praesentes.

Know all men by these presents.

特此证明；特此公布

pater familias

father of the household

一家之父；家长；族长

Pater is est quem nuptiae demonstrant.

The father is he who the marriage points out.

婚姻指出父亲（产妇的丈夫即为生父）

patria potestas

paternal power or authority

父权；家长权

Pax Dei (or Pax Ecclesiae)

Peace of God (or Peace of the Church); an attempt of the Church in the middle ages to lessen the evils of private warfare

宗门和平律

pax orbis terrarum

peace of the world;; universal peace

世界和平；天下太平

Pax paritur bello.

Peace is produced by war.

有战争才有和平

pax regis

peace of the king; the peace, good order, and security for life and property which is one of the objects of government to maintain

国家的治安

Peccata contra naturam sunt gravissima.

Crimes against nature are the most heinous.

违反自然（人性）的罪最为重大

peculium

small property owned by a member of a family

（罗马法中家属拥有的）特有财产

pecunia non numerata

money not paid

未付款项；欠款

pendente lite

during the suit; while litigation continues

在诉讼中；未决

per annum

by the year; annually

每年

per aspera ad astra

through hardship to the stars

经历艰险终成大业；刻苦成功；吃得苦中苦，方为人上人

per capita (per caput)

by heads; for each individual

每人（平均）

per centum

by the hundred; of each hundred

每百；百分之（几）

per contra

on the contrary

反之；相反的

per curiam

by the court(as a whole)

本院；全院；全体法官

per diem

(so much) by the day

每日；按日津贴

per essentiam

essentially

本质上；基本上

per fas et nefas

through right or wrong

不择手段

per formula pretori

by means of the magistrate’s formula

依照裁判官的程式

per gradus

step by step

逐步地；按部就班

per incuriam

through inadvertence

因不小心；出于不慎

per interim

in the interim; in the meantime

同时；就在这期间

per legem terrae

by the law of the land; by due process of law

依国家法律；经适当法律程序

per mensem

by the month; monthly

按月；每月

per mill

by the thousand; of each thousand

每千；千分之（几）

per pares

by one’s peers

同侪（审判）；由同等的人（进行，组成）

per procurationem

by proxy; by the action of

由。。代办；代行

per quod

whereby

因此

per saecula saeculorum

for generations and generations; for ages

世世代代；永远

per saltum

by a leap

一跃；一下子；一蹴而就

per se (per sees)

by (or in) itself; intrinsically

本身；本来；本质上

per stirpes

by roots or stocks; by representation

依照家系（分配财产）；依照代表

per totam curiam

by the entire court; unanimously

全体法官一致（判决）

per universitatem

by an aggregate; as a whole

全部

periculum rei venditae, nondum traditae, est emptoris

The risk of a thing sold, and not yet delivered, is the purchaser’s.

货物已卖出，尚未交货，其危险由买方负担

perpetuum mobile

in continuous motion

永恒运动

Perspicua vera non sunt probanda.

Plain truths need not be proved.

明显的真理（事实）不必证明

persona designata

a designated person

指定人

persona grata

a person who is welcome

受欢迎人物

persona non grata

a person who is not welcome

不受欢迎人物

persona standi in judicio

capacity of standing in court; capacity to sue

诉讼权利；诉讼资格

Personae vice fungitur municipium et decuria.

A town or a borough acts as a person.

区镇具有法人地位

persons non compotes mentis

persons of unsound mind

精神不健全的人

petitio principii

a begging of the question

以争点为论据；匿证详争；武断

pia causa

a pious cause; charity

慈善团体、事业

pia desideria

pious grief; honest desire

虔诚的悔恨；良善的意向

pignus

a pledge or pawn

质权；抵押

placita communia

common pleas

民事诉讼

plena forisfactura

a forfeiture of all that one possesses

财产全部没收

plena probatio

full proof

充分证据

plene administravit

he has fully administered (all the assets that have come into his hands)

（遗产管理人提出的）遗产全部处理答辩

pleno jure

with full right (or authority)

全权

plenum dominium

full ownership

绝对所有权

Plus peccat author quam actor.

The originator or instigator of a crime is a worse offender than the actual perpetrator of it.

主使者的罪比犯罪者更重

plus petitio

excessive claim

过分的请求

Poena ad paucos, metus ad omnes perveniat.

 If punishment be inflicted on a few, a dread comes to all.

惩一儆百

poena corporalis

corporal punishment

体罚；体刑

poena suos tenere debet actores et non alios.

The punishment ought to belong to the actual perpetrators, and not to others.

应受惩罚的是实际犯罪的人，不是别人

Politiae legibus non leges politiis adaptandae.

Politics are to be adapted to the laws, and not the laws to politics.

政治必须适应法律，法律不必迁就政治

positivi juris

of positive law

成文法的

posse comitatus

the force or power of the county; the entire population of the county above the age of fifteen, which a sheriff may summon to his assistance in certain cases; as to aid him in keeping the peace, in pursuing and arresting felons, etc.

应召壮丁；民兵队

possessio ad interdicta

possession according to or protected by the praetor’s order

（受大法官保护的）法定占有

post bellum

after the war

战后

post factum

after the deed

事后

post hoc

after this

由此；因此

post hoc, ergo propter hoc

after this, therefore on account of this

先在为因

post meridiem (P.M.)

after midday

下午；午后

post mortem

after death

死后

post scriptum (P.S.)

something written afterward; postscript

再者；又及(用于信末)；附录，跋(用于书末)；结束语

postulata

fundamental assumptions

基本假定

Potentia debet sequi justitiam, non antecedere.

Power ought to follow justice, it ought not to precede it.

权力必须遵守法律，不得超越法律

Potentia non est nisi ad bonum.

Power is not conferred but for the public good.

凡非公共利益的事，不得授予权力；权力只为公益而授予

potentia propinqua

common possibility

一般的可能性

potentia remota

a remote possibility

可能性太小

potentia remotissima

a remotest (or) most improbable possibility

可能性极小

Potior est conditio defendentis.

Better is the condition of the defendant (than that of the plaintiff)

被告的地位（比原告）有利

Potior est conditio possidentis.

Better is the condition of the possessor.

占有人的地位有利

potius mori quam foedari

death rather than disgrace

宁死不受辱

praedia bellica

booty; property seized in war

战利品

Praestat cautela quam medela.

Prevention is better than cure.

预防重于治疗

praesumptio juris et des jure

presumption of law and from law

合法和依法的推定

Praesumptio, ex eo quod plerumque fit.

A presumption arises from that which occurs many times.

经常发生的情况可以作为推定的根据

praeter legem

beyond the law

超越法律之外

Praetextus liciti non debet admitti illicitum.

Under pretext of legality, what is illegal ought not to be admitted.

非法行为纵然伪称合法，也不得容许

Praxis judicum est interpres legum.

The practice of the judges is the interpreter of the laws.

法官的惯例即是法律的解释

pretium doloris

price of suffering

痛苦的代价，(痛苦的补偿)，抚恤金

pretium periculi

the price of the risk; the premium paid on a policy of insurance

保险金；保险费

prima facie

at first view

显然；一见之下；乍见起来；表面上证据确凿的(案件)

primae impressionis

of the first impression; of a new kind, to which no established principle of law of precedent directly applies

初次发现的(案件)；前无判例的

primum mobile

the prime source of motion; mainspring

运动(行为)的主动力；主要动机

Primum vivere, deinde philosophari.

First live, then philosophize.

以身作则

primus inter pares

first among his equals

同辈中第一；侪辈之冠

Princeps legibus solutus est.

 The ruler or sovereign is exempt from the law.

国王不受法律约束

Principiorum non est ratio.

There is no reasoning of principles; no argument is required to prove fundamental rules.

原则不须证明

prior tempore, prior jure

first in time, first by right; first come, first served

先到者优先；先到先得

Privatorum conventio juri publico non derogat.

The agreement of private individuals does not derogate from the public right.

私人契约不损害公共权利

Privatum commodum publico cedit.

Private good yields to public.

公益重于私利

privilegium non valet contra rempublicam.

Privilege is of no force against the commonwealth.

对国家有害的特权不得生效

pro bono publico

 for the public good

为公(共利)益

pro domo sua

in defense of one’s home; in one’s own interest

为了个人利益

pro domo sua (plea)

in his own cause

自行辩护

pro et contra (pro et con)

for and against

赞成与反对

pro forma

for the sake of form; as a matter of form

形式上；估计的；假定的；循例

pro hac vice

for this occasion only

只限这一次；只限于这种情况

pro indiviso

 as undivided; in common (said of possession of lands)

不可分开的；共同的；共有的；合租的

pro interesse suo

according to his interest; to the extent of his interest

根据本身利益；在本身利益范围内

pro majori cautela

for greater caution; by way of additional security

为求格外谨慎起见

pro memoria

for the sake of memory; a formal note embodying the written record of a diplomatic discussion; amount to be determined (in a budget estimate)

作为纪念；备忘(录)；(数额)待定

pro posse suo

to the extent of his power or ability

在其权力(或能力)范围内；按自己能力

Pro possessione praesumitur de jure.

 A presumption of law arises from possession.

占有即是法律上推定的根据

pro rata

according to rate (or proportion); proportionally

按比例

pro re nata

for the affair immediately in hand; for the occasion as it may arise; adapted to meet the particular occasion

应付特别需要的；临时的

pro se

for himself; in his own behalf; in person

为自己；自行；亲自

pro solido

for the whole; as one; jointly; without division

整个；全体

pro tanto

for so much; to that extent; so far

相当地；至此；到这个程度

pro tempore (pro.tem.)

for the time being; temporarily

临时；暂代

pro virili parte

for a man’s part; to the utmost of one’s ability

尽力；竭尽所能

probatia viva

living proof; proof by the mouth of living witnesses

人证

probatio mortua

dead proof; proof by inanimate objects, such as deeds or other written evidence

物证；证件

prolem sine matre creatam

 a child created without a mother

非出自母胎；非模仿抄袭的；

proprio motu

by one’s own motion

自行；自动

proprio vigore

of one’s own strength; by its own force

就本意而言

proviso

provided (that); a condition in a contract or other agreement

附文；条件；但书

publica utilitas

profits belonging to the public

公众的利益

punctum saliens

salient point; important feature

要点；重要情况

Punica fides

Punic faith; fickleness; treachery

反复无常；背信弃义；不忠实

quae consistunt in jure

things consistent with law

法律上拟制的关系

quaere

query; it is a question

疑问；有问题

quando acciderint

when they (assets) shall come in

等候得到财产时

quantum meruit

as much as he deserved (to have for his labor)

按照服务计值

quantum valebant

as much as they (goods sold and delivered) were worth

按货物价值计

quare clausum fregit

wherefore he broke the close (made an unlawful entry upon land)

为什么侵入原告的围场；为何侵入他人土地

quater

four times

四度；之四

querela

an action preferred in any court of justice; a bill of complaint

诉状；诉讼

Qui bene amat, bene castigat.

He who loves well, chastises well.

爱之弥深，责之弥笃

Qui cum alio contrahit vel est vel esse debet non ignarus conditionis ejus.

He who enters into a contract with others is not or should not be ignorant of the conditions of the same.

与他人订立契约者非不知也不应不知对方之地位

Qui facit per alium fact per se.

He who acts through another acts himself; a man is legally responsible for his agent.

托人做事，等于自己做事；代理人的行为有委托人负责

Qui nimium probat nihil probat.

He who proves too much proves nothing.

举证过多等于没有举证

Qui non habet, ille non dat.

He who has not, give not; a person cannot convey a right that is not in him.

非自己所有，不得让于他人

Qui non improbat, approbat.

He who does not blame, approves.

不责备即是赞成

Qui prodest?

Who will profit from it?

对谁有利

Qui tacet consentire videtur.

He who is silent, is understood to consent.

沉默即可视为同意

Qui tacet consentit.

He who is silent consents.

沉默即是同意

Quia ignorare non debuit quod jus alienum emit.

He (the buyer) should not be ignorant that he is buying the right of another.

买主不可贸然误买别人权利

quia timet

because he fears

因为担忧(而诉请法院作公平裁决)

Quicquid est contra normam recti est injuria.

Whatever is against the rule of right is a wrong.

违反正当规则的行为，即是过失

Quicquid in excessu actum est, lege prohibetur.

Whatever is done in excess is prohibited by law.

过分行为，即是非法行为

quid pro quo

something for something in return; equivalent; compensation

交换物；同等物；赔偿

Quid sit jus, et in quo consistit injuria,legis est definire.

What constitutes right, and what injury, it is the business of the law to declare.

法律的责任是判明善恶是非

quo animo

with what intention or motive

动机何在

quoad hoc

as to this; with respect to this

关于此事

quod ab initio vitiosum est non potest tractu temporis convalescere.

What is defective (or void ) from the beginning cannot improve (become valid) in the course of time.

自始即有缺陷(的事物)，非时间所能补救；自始即无效者，以后也不得生效

quod bene notandum

which is to be well noted

应该特别注意之点

Quod consta clare non debet verificari.

What is clearly apparent need not be proved.

显而易见的事，不必加以证明

Quod est inconveniens aut contra rationem non permissum est in lege.

That which is inconvenient or against reason is not permissible in law.

不适当与不合理的事，法律也不许可

quod jure

by what title; a writ compelling the defendant to produce evidence of title

依何权限；根据什么权利

Quod non agnoscit glossa, non agnoscit forum.

That which the glossarist does not acknowledge, is not acknowledged by the court.

注释家所不承认的原则，司法者必不予以考虑

quod plerumque fit

which is mostly the case

大致如此

quod vide

which see

见；参看

Quodque dissolvitur eodem modo quo ligatur.

In the same manner that a thing is bound, in the same manner it is unbound.

缔约方式应与解约方式相同

Quoties in verbis nulla est ambiguitas, ibi nulla exposito contra verba fienda est.

When in the words there is no ambiguity, then no exposition contrary to the words is to be made.

文字上没有不明之处，不得作与文字相反的解释

rara avis

rare bird; prodigy

罕有现象；少有的事；奇怪的现象；奇怪的东西

ratio decidendi

reasons for deciding; grounds of decision

判决理由

Ratio in legis est anima legis.

The reason of law is the soul of law.

制订法律的原因是法律的真意

Ratio injure aequitas integra.

Reason in law is perfect equity.

法律的真谛是绝对公平

ratione domicilii

by reason of domicile

住所地的理由

ratione loci

on account of the place; by reason of the location

因所在地点；在地点上

ratione materiae

by reason of material

本质上的理由

ratione personae

by reason of person

对人的理由

ratione soli

by reason of the soil

所在地的理由

ratione temporis

by reason of time

时间上的理由;在时间上

re

concerning

关于

re infecta

the business being unfinished

事情尚未解决；案件未了

rebus sic stantibus

as matters stand; in these circumstances; a tacit condition, said to attach to all treaties, that they shall cease to be effective as soon as the state of facts and conditions upon which they were founded has substantially changed

情势变迁(条款)

Receditur a placitis juris, potius quam injuriae et delicta maneant impunita.

Positive rules of law will be receded from (given up or dispensed with), rather than that crimes and wrongs should remain unpunished.

宁可舍弃成文法规，不容罪行逃出法网

receptum indebiti

receipt of something not due

不当得利

Recongnitio nil dat novi.

Recognition produces nothing new.

承认并不产生新事物

Recurrendum est ad extraordinarium quando non valet ordinarium.

We must have recourse to what is extraordinary, when what is ordinary fails.

普通法律无效时，应采用特别法律

reductio ad absurdum

reduction to absurdity

间接还原法；归谬法；反证法

Regula pro lege, si deficit lex.

In default of the law, the maxim rules.

如无法律，依法律格言裁决

rerum universitas (or rerum natura)

the universe

宇宙

Res accessoria sequitur rem principalem.

The accessory follows the principal.

从物随主物

res alienae

things belonging to others

属于他人之物

res ancipitis usus

a thing of double use

和战两用物

res angusta domi

straitened circumstances at home

家境贫困

res communes

things common to all

人民共有物

res communis

a public thing

公用物

res communis omnium

a thing belonging to all

公用之物；公用物

res consuntibiles

things that can be consumed

消费物

res corporales

tangible things; corporeal things

有体物；具体的物品

res derelicta

abandoned property

抛弃的财物；弃物

res divisibiles

divisible things

可分物

res extra commercium

things not capable of being traded

不融通物

res extra patrimonium

things not capable of being possessed

不可有物

res fongibiles

things that can be replaced

代替物

res gestae

things done; material facts; attending circumstances

真事实；有关事实

res immobiles

immovable things; real estate

不动产

res in commercio

things capable of being traded

融通物

res in patrimonio

things capable of being possessed

可有物

res inconsuntibilies

things that cannot be consumed

非消费物

res incorporales

intangible things; incorporeal things

无体物

res indivisibiles

indivisible things

不可分物

res integra

a whole thing; a new or unopened thing; a point of law which has not been decided

未决定的要点；未决事项

res inter alios acta alteri nocere non debet.

 Things done between strangers ought not to injure others.

两者之间的行为不应损及他人

res inter alios acta.

things done between others

他人之间的行为(或宣告)

res ipsa loquitur

the thing speaks for itself

事实本身的证明；免证自明

res judicata

a decided case

已决案件；定案

Res judicata pro veritate habetur.

 A settled case is taken for truth.

定案即视为事实

res mobiles

movable things; chattel

动产

res non fongibiles

things that cannot be replaced

非代替物

res nullius

a thing which has no owner

无主之物；无主地

Res nullius naturaliter fit primi occupantis.

A thing which ahs no owner naturally belongs to the first finder.

无主之物当属最先发现者所有

res omnium communis

 a thing common to all

大众共有之物；公物

res principales

principal things

主物

res privatae

things belonging to one or more individuals; private property

私有财产；私产；私物

Res propria est quae communis non est.

A thing is private which is not common.

非公物即是私物

res publicae

public property

公共财产;公物

res sic stantibus

let the matter stand thus

保持原状

res universitatis

things belonging to a community

公共财产；公物

Res, non verba.

Deeds, not words.

务求事实，勿作空论

Respondeat superior.

Let the principal answer (for the acts of his agent).

委托人应负担其代理人行为的责任

respondentia

the hypothecation of the cargo or goods on board a ship as security for the repayment of a loan

船货抵押

restitutio in integrum

the rescinding of a contract or transaction on the ground of fraud, etc., so as to restore to their original position

回复原状

restitutio in pristinum

reparation by equivalence

等价赔偿

reus credendi

creditor

债权人

reus debendi

debtor

债务人

Rex non potest peccare.

The king can do no wrong.

国王无过失

rigor mortis

stiffness of death; stiffening of a dead body

死后僵硬；尸僵

Roma locuta, causa finita.

Rome has spoken, the case is settled; with the pronouncement from above, the matter is settled

上级有指示，事情便成定局

rusticum

farm; farm land

耕作地

sal Atticum

Attic salt; dry, delicate wit

文雅的机智；妙语；警语

Salus populi suprema lex esto.

 Let the welfare of the people be the highest (or supreme) law.

以人民的福利为最高法律

Salvo jure cujuslibet

without prejudice to the rights of anyone

任何人的权利不受损害；以不损害任何人的权利为原则

sancta simplicitas

holy simplicity

非常天真(的人)

sanctum sanctorum

holy of holies; private retreat

至圣所；(俗称)私室

Sapiens nihil affirmat quod non probet.

The sage does not affirm what he cannot prove.

圣人对未经证明的事不加武断

sapienti sat

enough the wise

智者一言已足；闻一知十

Satis quod sufficit.

What suffices is enough.

凡事适可而止

scandalum magnatum

sandal (or slander) of great men

诋毁权贵

scire facias

cause to know; a writ renewing a judgment that has expired

告知令状

se defendendo

in self-defense

出于自卫

secta

followers; witnesses for the plaintiff

随同(原告)作证者；原告的证人

secundum artem

according to art (or rule); scientifically; artificially

技术地；人工地；科学地；巧妙地

secundum bonos mores

according to good usages; according to established custom; regularly; orderly

依照历来惯例；照例

secundum formam statuti

according to the form of the statute

依照法令规定

secundum legem

according to law

依法

secundum naturam

according to nature; naturally; not artificially

自然地；天然地

secundum ordinem

in order; orderly

依次；按次序的

secundum quid

according to something; in some one respect only

只在某点上；局部的

secundum regula

according to rule

按规则

secus

otherwise; to the contrary

不是这样；与此相反

sed haec hactenus

but so much for this

这且不说；这事暂且不谈

semble

it seems

似乎是

semper idem

always the same

总是如此

semper paratus

always prepared

时刻准备

Sensus verborum est anima legis.

The meaning of the words is the spirit of the law.

文字的意义是法律的精神

Sensus verborum est duplex—mitis et asper; et verba semper accipienda sunt in mitiori sensu.

The meaning of words is twofold—mild and harsh; and words are always to be received in their milder sense.

字有两义，一轻一重；始终应以其中较轻的字义为准

sequitur

it follows; a logical inference

由此可见；足证；合理的推论

seriatim

serially; point by point ; in regular order

连续；逐条；顺次

servitus praediorum

servitude of the land (or estate)

地役权

Si vis pacem, para bellum.

If you desire peace, prepare for war.

如要和平，必须备战

sic

thus

原文

sic in originali

thus in the original

原文如此

Sic transit gloria mundi.

So passes away the glory of the world.

世间富贵，瞬间即逝

Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas.

Use your own property in such a manner as not to injure that of another.

使用自己财产时，不得损害别人财产

sicut alias

as at another time; a second writ sent out when the first was not executed

第二次传票

silento leges inter arma

laws are silent in time of war; the power of law is suspended during war

普通法律不适用于战时；普通法律在战时失去效力

simplicter

absolutely; without reserve

绝对的；纯然；完全

simplum

a simple thing

单一物

sine anno

without the date

(出版)日期不详

sine die

without a day being appointed

无期；无限期

sine loco, anno, vel nomine (s.l.a.n.)

without place, year, or name

(出版)地点，日期及作者姓名不详

sine mora

without delay

毫不迟延；立刻

sine qua non

without wh8ich not; an indispensable condition

必要的条件

societas

partnership; contract of partnership

合伙；合伙契约

societas delinquere non potest

society cannot commit a crime

社会不可能犯罪

socius criminis

an associate in crime

共犯

Sol lucet omnibus.

The sun shines on all; everyone is entitled to enjoy certain natural advantages.

普天之下，人人都有天赋的权利

solatium

solace; a sum paid to an injured party over and above the actual damages by way of solace to his wounded feelings

慰藉金；赔偿费

solidum

a whole

合力负担

solutionis causa

for the purpose of payment

新债抵旧

Specialia derogant generalibus.

The special takes precedence of the general.

特别规定较一般规定优先适用

species

a kind; species; things in particular

特定物

specificatio

a making of form; acquisition of property by working up his materials into a new species

加工

sponte sua

of one’s own accord; unsolicited

自别；自发

stare ad rectum

to stand trial or abide by the sentence of the court

接受审判；受审

stare decisis

to abide by decided cases

依照先例；判例照援

status civitatis

status of a citizen; citizenship

市民权

status familiae

the status (or rights) of a household

家族权

status in statu

state within a state

国家内的国家；国中之国

status libertatis

status of liberty

自由权

status quo (or status in quo)

the state in which (anything is)

现状；原状

status quo ante bellum

the state existing before the war

战前状态；战前原状

stet

let it stand

不删；保留原文(核对用语)

stipulatio

verbal contract

言辞契约

stipulatio poenae

stipulation on penalty or fine

违约金(的规定)

stricto sensu

in a strict sense

狭义而言

strictum jus

strict law; the strict letter of the law

严格法；法律严格的规定

sua cuique utilitas

to everything its own use

(凡)物各有其用

sua sponte

of one’s own will (accord)

自愿；自由

suaviter in modo, fortiter in re

gentle in manner, resolute in deed

态度温柔，行为果断；外柔内刚

sub colore juris

under color of right

伪装有权

sub dio (divo)

under the sky; in open air

露天

sub judice

under (or before)a judge

在审讯中

sub modo

under a qualification; subject to a condition

在某一条件或限制下；有条件的

sub nomine

under the name; in the name of

在。。。名下；以。。。的名义

sub poena

under penalty

否则按。。。罪惩处；违者以。。。罪论

sub rosa

under the rose; confidentially

秘密；暗中

sub sigillo

under seal (of confession); in the strictest confidence

绝对秘密地

sub silentio

in silence; privately

心中；私下

sub spe rati

in the hope of a decision

尚待判决（批准）

sub spe reconciliationes

in the hope of reconcilement

尚待调停（和解）

sub specie

under the appearance of

假装

sub specie aeternitatis

from the aspect of eternity

从永恒的观点上来看

sub vi

under compulsion

在胁迫之下；被迫

sub voce (or sub verbo)

under the word (in reference to dictionaries, etc.)

见。。。条

Sublata causa, tollitur effectus.

When the cause is removed, the effect ceases.

因除则果去；原因消除，后果便不存在

subpoena ad testificandum

under penalty to testify

证人作证传票

subpoena duces tecum

under penalty, you are to bring with you

证人带同文件作证传票

successio ab intesta

intestate succession

未立遗嘱的继承；法定继承

successio ex testamento

succession by virtue of a will

遗嘱继承

successio in usucapionem

succession in prescription

时效的继续

suggestio falsi

false suggestion or representation

伪证；证词不实

sui generis

of its own kind; unique

自成一格；特殊

sui juris

in one’s own right; of full legal capacity

自主；自有行为能力

summa cum laude

with the highest praise

以最优等

summa summarum

the sum of sums; sum total

总计；合计

summum bonum

the supreme good

至善

Summum jus, summa injuria

Extreme law is extreme injury

法之极，害之极；法重害重

sumptibus publicis

at public expense

由政府负担费用

suo moto

by one’s own motion

自行

suo periculo

at one’s own risk

(如有损失)由自己负责

super visum corporis

after viewing the body; term used at a coroner’s inquest

验尸结果

superficies

surface; the alienation by the owner of the surface of the soil of all rights necessary for building on the surface

地上权

suppressio veri, suggestio falsi

suppressing the truth, suggesting what is false

隐匿真相，等于诈骗

suspensio per collum

suspension by the neck; execution by hanging

绞刑

suum cuique

to each his own

各得其所应得

tabula rasa

an erased (or blank) tablet; clean slate; the mind at birth

纯洁的心；往事一笔勾销

Tacitae magis et occultae inimicitiae timendae sunt quam indictae atque apertae.

Silent, hidden enmities are more to be feared than those that are openly declared.

明枪易避；暗箭难防

tacito consensu

by silent consent

默认；默许

taedium vitae

weariness of living

厌世

tangere ulcus

 to touch the sore spot

触到某人的痛处；揭人疮疤

Te Deum (Laudamus)

(We praise) Thee, O Lord

谢恩颂歌；赞美颂歌

te judice

with you as the judge; in your judgment

据你判断；依你之见

Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis.

Times change and we are changed in them.

时代改变，我们也跟着改变

Tempori parendum.

We must move with the times.

我们必须跟随时代

tempus commissi delicti

time the offense is committed

犯罪时间；违法时间

tempus continuum

a continuos period of time

继续期间

tenax propositi

firm of purpose

意志坚定

ter

thrice

三度；之三

terminus a quo

the end (or limit) from which

出发点；开始日期；始期；起点

terminus ad quem

the end (or limit) to which

归结点；终止日期；目标；终期；终点

terra firma

solid earth; a firm footing

陆地；稳固的地位

terra incognita

unknown land

未知的土地；未知的领域

terra nullius

land without owner

无主地

Terrae potestas finitur ubi finitur armorum vis.

The territorial limit is where a shot can reach.

(领海界线的)沿岸炮弹距离说

tertium quid

a third something

第三者；介乎两者之间的东西；难形容或难区别的人

tertius gaudens

the third one who rejoices

得渔翁之利的第三者

testandibus actis

as the acts show

实际行为证明

testimonium paupertatis

indication of (mental) poverty

低能的征象

Testis unus, testis nullus.

One witness is no witness; testimony of a single person is not valid.

一面之词不足为凭

timeo Danaos et dona ferentes

I fear the Greeks even when they are bringing gifts.

希腊人送礼时，我也害怕

totidem verbis

in so many words; in these very words

正是如此；原文照抄

toties quoties

as often as; on each occasion; repeatedly

每次

totis viribus

with all one’s strength

出尽气力；竭力

toto caelo

by the whole heaven; to be poles apart

天南地北；天渊之别

Totum in eo est.

All depends on this.

一切以此为转移; 一切视此而定

traditio

delivery; transfer of possession

交付；引渡

Transeat in exemplum.

Let it be recorded as a precedent.

记录此事，作为先例

Treuga Dei (Treva Dei)

Truce of God

（中世纪教会命令暂时）停止私斗；上帝休战

tutela legitima

legal trusteeship or guardianship

法定监护

tutela testamentaria

trusteeship (or guardianship) appointed by a will

遗嘱监护

uberima fides

the most abundant good faith; absolute and perfect candor and honesty

完全坦白；出于至诚

Ubi cessat remedium ordinarium, ibi decurritur ad extraordinarium.

Where the ordinary remedy fails, recourse must be had to an extraordinary one.

普通办法不能补救者，应采用特别办法

Ubi culpa est, ibi poena subesse debet.

Where the crime is committed, there ought the punishment to be undergone.

罪犯应在犯罪地点受惩罚

Ubi jus incertum, ibi jus nullum.

Where the law is uncertain, there is no law; uncertainty destroys law.

法律不明确，等于没有法律；法不确定，虽有若无

Ubi jus, ibi officium.

Where there is a right, there is also a duty.

有权利即有义务

Ubi jus, ibi remedium.

Where there is a right, there is a remedy.

有权利就有补偿

Ubi lex non distinguit, nec nos distinguere debemus.

Where the law does not distinguish, neither ought we to distinguish.

法律为明文区别者，不得加以区别

Ubi major pars est, ibi totum.

Where the greater part is, there the whole is; the majorities govern.

多数即是全体；多数决定

Ubi non est condendi auctoritas, ibi non est parendi necessitas.

Where there is no authority for establishing a rule, there is no necessity of obeying it.

非法制定的规则，不必遵守

Ubi non est directa lex, standum est arbitrio judicis, vel procedendum ad similia.

Where there is no direct law, the opinion of the judge is to be taken, or reference to be made to similar case.

凡无直接适用的法律，应以法官的意见为准，或参照类似的案例

Ubi non est lex, ibi non est transgressio, quoad mundum..

Where there is no law, there is no transgression, so far as relates to the world.

在世界上，凡无法律规定者，即非犯法

Ubi non est principalis, non potest esse accessorius.

Where there is no principal, there cannot be an accessory

无主犯即无从犯

Ubi quis delinquit, ibi punietur.

Where a man offends, there he shall be punished.

罪犯应在犯罪地点受惩罚

Ubi remedium, ibi jus.

Where there is remedy, there is right.

有补偿就有权利

Ubi sunt qui ante no fuerunt?

Where are those who lived before us?

古人如今安在

Ubicunque est injuria, ibi damnum sequitur.

Wherever there is wrong, there damage follows.

有罪必有害

ultima ratio

the last argument; force

最后手段；武力

ultima ratio regum

last argument of kings; resort to arms; war

诉诸武力；战争

ultima Thule

the farthest Thule; the utmost frontiers

天涯海角；最远的疆界

ultimum supplicium

the extreme punishment; the punishment of death

死刑；极刑

ultra licitum

beyond what is allowed or lawful

超出合法范围；违法

Ultra posse non potest esse, et vice versa.

What is beyond possibility cannot exist, and the reverse.

不可能者不存在，反之亦然

Ultra possse nemo obligatur.

No one is bound to do more than he can.

不得强人所难

ultra valorem

beyond the value

超过实际价值

ultra vires

beyond one’s authority

越权；在权限以外

una voce

with one voice; unanimously

众口同声； 一致

universitas juris

things taken as a whole in law

法律上的聚合物

universitas personarum

a corporation or body of persons

社团

universitas rerum

things taken as a whole

集合物

unum et idem

one and the same

同样的东西

Unumquodque principiorum est sibimetipsi fides; et persipicua vera non sunt probanda.

Every general principle is its own pledge or warrant; and things that are clearly true are not to be proved.

一般原则免证自明， 明显事实也不须证明

urbi et orbi

to the city (Rome) and to the world; words accompanying papal bulls

教宗（对全世界颁布的）训喻

usque ad caelum

up to the sky

（土地所有权）直达天空

usque ad sidera

up to the stars

直上云霄

usucapio

prescription

取得时效

usus bellici

warlike uses or objects

战争用途；战争用品

usus loquendi

usage in speaking

习惯的说法

ut infra

as (shown or stated)below

如下

ut mos est

as the custom is

依照惯例

ut pignus amicitiae

as a pledge (or token) of friendship

作为友谊的表示；借以表示友谊

Ut poena ad paucos, metus ad omnes perveniat.

That the punishment may reach a few, but the fear of it affect all.

惩一儆百

ut quocumque paratus

prepared for any emergency whatever

准备妥当，以备万变

ut res magis valeat quam pereat

that the thing may rather have effect than be destroyed; that the clause may become operative than null (a principle of legal interpretation)

宁使条款有效而不使其失去意义

Ut sementem feceris, ita metes.

As you sow, so shall you reap.

种瓜得瓜

ut supra

as (shown or stated) above

如上

uti possidetis

as you (now) possess; a principle in international law that a treaty of peace between belligerents vests in them respectively as absolute property the territory under their actual control, etc.

实际占领地保有权原则

utrum horum mavis accipe

take whichever you prefer

任择其一

vade mecum

go with me; a reference book intended to be carried about; a manual

袖珍书；手册；便览

vadium mortuum

a mortgage

抵押品

variorum notae

notes of various commentators

集各家注释；集注

vectigal

revenue; tax

税； 地税

venditio bonorum

 sale of goods

财产的拍卖

venditioni exponas

you expose to sale (name of a writ)

低价售卖令

Venia necessitati datur.

Indulgence is granted to necessity; necessity knows no law.

迫不得已的行为，情有可原

Veniae facilitas incentivum est deliquendi.

Facility of pardon is an incentive to crime.

轻易赦免罪过，等于鼓励犯罪

Venienti occurite morbo.

Meet the approaching disease; prevention is better than cure

有病趁早就医；防范于未然

Venire (facias juratores)

(Thou shall cause jurors)to come

召集陪审团令

Verba docent, exempla trahunt.

Words teach, examples attract.

言教不如身教

verba magistri

words of the master (or teacher)

教师的话；权威的话

Vere scire est per causas scire.

Real knowledge lies in knowing causes.

穷理是真知

Veritas numquam perit.

Truth never dies.

真理不灭

Veritatem dies aperit.

Time reveals the truth.

日久见真情

Veritatis simplex oratio est.

The language of truth is simple.

真话容易说

vi dijectio

a throwing down by force; an act of violence

强暴行为；暴力行为

vi et armis

with force and arms

用暴力

via publica

a public road

公用道路

Vicarius non habet vacarium.

A deputy cannot have a deputy; a delegated power cannot be again delegated.

代理人不得请他人代理

vice versa (v.v.)

with the order changed; conversely

反过来；反过来也是一样；反之亦然

victus, victori in expensis condemnatus est.

 He who loses the suit pays costs to his adversary

败诉一方负担他方费用

vide

see

参看；见

vide ante (or supra)

see above

见前；见上文

vide post (or infra)

见后；见下文

Vigilantibus, et non dormientibus jura subveniunt.

The laws help those who are watchful and not those who go to sleep.

法律帮助的是警觉的人；不是疏忽的人

vim vi repellere licet, modus fiat moderamine inculpatae tutelae, non ad sumendam vindictum, sed ad propulsandum injuriam.

 It is lawful to repel force by force, provided it be done with the moderation of blameless defense, not for the purpose of taking revenge, but to ward off injury.

用武力抵抗武力是合法的，但应以纯粹自卫为限度，不为报复，而为防止损害

Vincit omnia veritas.

Truth conquers everything.

真理战胜一切

Violenta non durant

Violence does not last.

暴力不能永久存在

Vir sapit qui pauca loquitur.

He is a wise man who speaks but little.

智者寡言

viribus unitis

with united strength

共同努力地

virtute officii

by virtue of office

依据职权；当然

vis a fronte

a propelling force from before; a frontal assault

前面来的推动力； 迎头痛击

vis a tergo

a propelling force from behind

后面来的推动力

vis animi

strength of the soul

勇气；意志力量

vis armata

armed force; force exerted by means of arms or weapons

武力

vis consili expers mole ruit sua.

force devoid of counsel is crushed by its own weight.

有勇无谋，自己吃亏

vis elastica

elastic force

弹力

vis inertiae

the power of inertia; passive resistance to force applied

惰力；惰性

vis legibus est inimica.

Violence is inimical to the laws.

暴力违背法律

vis major

a greater or superior force; an irresistible force; force majeure

不可抗力

vis medicatrix naturae

the healing power of nature

自然治愈力

vis mortua

dead force

死势

vis motiva

motive power

原动力

Vis unita fortior.

United strength is stronger.

团结增加力量

vis vitae (or vitalis)

vital force

生活力

vis viva

living force; kinetic energy

活力；活势； 工作能力

vita sine litteris mors est

life without learning is death

生而不学等于死

vitam impendere vero

to risk one’s life for the truth

为求真理，不惜牺牲性命

viva voce

with the living voice; by word of mouth

口头

vix ulla lex fieri potest quae omnibus commoda sit, sed si majori parti prospiciat, utilis est

scarcely any law can be made which is adapted to all, but, if it provide for the greater part, it is useful

法律不能适用一切情况，如能适用大多数情况即是有用

vocare ad curiam

to summon to court

法院传讯

vocatio in jus

a summoning to court

法院传讯

volens nolens

willing or not willing; willy-nilly

不管愿不愿意

volenti non fit injuria

he who consents cannot receive an injury

同意即不构成侵害;出于自愿的事， 不算侵害

volo, no valeo

I am willing but unable

我心有余而力不足

voluntas et propositum distinguunt maleficia

The will and the proposed end distinguish crimes.

有意图， 有预谋的目的，就是犯罪

voluntas habetur pro facto

The will is taken for the deed.

意图即是行为

voluntas in delictis, non exitus spectatur

In crimes, the will, and not the consequence, is looked to.

犯罪行为，应追究其意图，不追究其结果

voluntas reputatur pro facto

the intention is to be taken for the deed

意图即是行为

Vox audita perit, litera scripta manet (or Vox emissa volat, litera scripta manet).

The voice that is heard perishes, the letter that is written abides (The spoken word flies, the written letter remains).

口说无凭，立约为据

vox populi, vox Dei

the voice of the people is the voice of God

民意即是天意

Vultus est index animi.

The face is the mirror of the soul.

人面反映内心